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Anatomy of Mandibular Vital Structures. Part II: Mandibular Incisive Canal, Mental Foramen and Associated Neurovascular Bundles in Relation with Dental Implantology J Oral Maxillofac Res 2010 (Jan-Mar);1(1):e3 doi:10.5037/jomr.2010.1103 |
Anatomy of Mandibular Vital Structures. Part II: Mandibular Incisive Canal, Mental Foramen and Associated Neurovascular Bundles in Relation with Dental Implantology
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania
2Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA
Corresponding author:
Vainiku 12
LT-46383, Kaunas
Lithuania
Phone: +370 37 29 70 55
Fax: +370 37 32 31 53
E-mail: gintaras@stilusoptimus.lt
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to review the literature of how to identify the mental foramen, mandibular incisive canal and associated neurovascular bundles during implant surgery and how to detect and avoid the damage of these vital structures during implant therapy.
Material and Methods: Literature was selected through a search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases. The keywords used for search were mandibular incisive canal, mental foramen, mental nerve, anterior mental loop. The search was restricted to English language articles, published from 1979 to November 2009. Additionally, a manual search in the major anatomy, dental implant, and periodontal journals and books was performed.
Results: In total, 47 literature sources were obtained and reviewed. The morphology and variations of the mandibular incisive canal, mental foramen and associated neurovascular bundles were presented as two entities. It suggested that clinicians should carefully assess these vital structures to avoid nerve/artery damage.
Conclusions: The mandibular incisive canal, mental foramen and associated neurovascular bundles exist in different locations and possess many variations. Individual, gender, age, race, assessing technique used and degree of edentulous alveolar bone atrophy largely influence these variations. It suggests that the clinicians should carefully identify these anatomical landmarks, by analyzing all influencing factors, prior to their implant surgical operation.
J Oral Maxillofac Res 2010 (Jan-Mar);1(1):e3
doi:10.5037/jomr.2010.1103
Accepted for publication: 22 December 2009
Keywords: mandible; chin; inferior alveolar nerve; cross-sectional anatomy; radiography; dental implants.
To cite this article: Anatomy of Mandibular Vital Structures. Part II: Mandibular Incisive Canal, Mental Foramen and Associated Neurovascular Bundles in Relation with Dental Implantology. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2010 (Jan-Mar);1(1):e3 |
Received: 15 December 2009 | Accepted: 22 December 2009 | Published: 1 April 2010
Copyright: © The Author(s). Published by JOMR under CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence, 2010.