Factor In group number (%)
with WSL
Total number (%)
of group
Test and P-value
Gender Female 6 (23) 26 (100) Pearson Chi-Square (12.583),
P < 0.001a
Male 13 (68) 19 (100)
Age < 18 years 15 (52) 29 (100) Pearson Chi-Square (3.019),
P > 0.05
≥ 18 years 4 (25) 16 (100)
Treatment length < 24 years 3 (20) 15 (100) Fisher-Freeman-Halton
Test (9.13),
P < 0.05b
24 - 36 months 5 (33) 15 (100)
> 36 months 11 (73) 15 (100)
OH level Adequate 3 (11) 28 (100) Pearson Chi-Square = 30.16,
P < 0.001a
Inadequate 16 (94) 17 (100)
Use of fluoride supplements
(with regards to treatment)
None 13 (93) 14 (100) Fisher-Freeman-Halton
Test (33.32),
P < 0.001b
Before 4 (80) 5 (100)
During 2 (17) 12 (100)
Both 0 (0) 14 (100)
Use of carbonated soft drinks
and/ or fruit juices

(times per week)
1 3 (20) 15 (100) Fisher-Freeman-Halton
Test (13.72),
P < 0.005b
2 3 (25) 12 (100)
3 7 (58) 12 (100)
≥ 4 6 (100) 6 (100)
Use of sugary foods
(times per week)
1 4 (27) 15 (100) Fisher-Freeman-Halton
Test (13.57),
P < 0.005b
2 4 (33) 12 (100)
3 3 (30) 10 (100)
≥ 4 8 (100) 8 (100)

OH = oral hygiene.
aStatisticaly significant, Pearson Chi-Square test.
bStatisticaly significant, Fisher-Freeman-Halton test.