COX-2 expression Ki67 expression
Mean (SD) Median (min - max) Pd Post-hoce Mean (SD) Median (min - max) Pd Post-hoce
+N 1.88 (0.36) 1.82 (1.34 - 2.5) 0.001b 1 < 2b
1 < 3b
5.33 (0.73) 5.34 (4.23 - 6.48) 0.001b 1 < 2b
1 < 3b
HK 15.13 (5.68) 13.83 (10.34 - 36.56) 1 < 4b 2 < 3a 36.01 (4.14) 35.56 (28.89 - 45.94) 1 < 4b 2 < 4b
OIN 27.22 (11.31) 26.42 (12.37 - 46.35) 2 < 4b
3 < 4b
39.49 (6.94) 37.77 (31.63 - 53.39) 3 < 4b
-SCC 73.63 (4.68) 74.25 (65.56 - 79.65) 74.66 (6.15) 74.05 (66.7 - 85.91)
OIN 1 17.27 (3.43) 17.61 (12.37 - 21.01) 0.014a,c 5 < 6a 37.9 (4.43) 37.77 (31.63 - 43.87) 0.097c -
OIN 2 30.81 (4.21) 30.40 (26.42 - 36.02) 35.6 (3.86) 35.28 (31.68 - 40.14)
OIN 3 44.93 (2.01) 44.93 (43.52 - 46.35) 51.23 (3.05) 51.23 (49.08 - 53.39)

aStatistically significant at the level P < 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test.
bStatistically significant at the level P < 0.01, Kruskal Wallis test.
cP values indicate OIN 1, OIN 2 and OIN 3 group comparisons.
dKruskal Wallis test.
eMann Whitney U test (Bonferroni corrected).
+ Positive control. - Negative control.
P values indicate N, HK, OIN and SCC group comparisons.
SD = standard deviation; OLEP = oral leukoplakia; N = normal mucosa; HK = hyperkeratosis; OIN = oral intraepithelial neoplasia; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma.