Included studies | Air pollutant |
Type of orofacial cleft |
Number of cases | Odds ratio |
95% confidence interval |
P-valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Hwang et al. [21] Marshall et al. [22] Rankin et al. [23] |
CO | CL/P | 1,955 | 1 | 0.98 - 1.02 | 0.89 |
Ritz et al. [12] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Marshall et al. [22] |
CP | 698 | 0.88 | 0.78 - 0.99 | 0.03 | |
Dolk et al. [18] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Hwang et al. [21] Marshall et al. [22] |
NOx | CL/P | 2,138 | 0.98 | 0.91 - 1.06 | 0.66 |
Dolk et al. [18] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Marshall et al. [22] |
CP | 823 | 0.84 | 0.71 - 1 | 0.04 | |
Ritz et al. [12] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Hwang et al. [21] |
O3 | CL/P | 1,955 | 1.08 | 1.01 - 1.16 | 0.02 |
Ritz et al. [12] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Marshall et al. [22] |
CP | 698 | 1.08 | 0.95 - 1.22 | 0.23 | |
Dolk et al. [18] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Hwang et al. [21] Marshall et al. [22] |
PM10 | CL/P | 2,091 | 1 | 0.98 - 1.03 | 0.76 |
Dolk et al. [18] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Marshall et al. [22] |
CP | 811 | 1.02 | 0.88 - 1.19 | 0.78 | |
Dolk et al. [18] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Hwang et al. [21] Marshall et al. [22] Rankin et al. [23] |
SO2 | CL/P | 2,306 | 1.02 | 0.92 - 1.11 | 0.75 |
Dolk et al. [18] Gilboa et al. [19] Hansen et al. [20] Marshall et al. [22] |
CP | 811 | 0.99 | 0.88 - 1.13 | 0.91 |
aMeta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects model with inverse variance, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. |