Study Study design Patients/
implants
Age/
sex
Implant failures
(events/implants)
Peri-implantitis
(events/implants)
Diagnosis of peri-implantitis Definition of smoking Confounders
Karoussis et al. [31] Prospective cohort Smokers = 12/18
Non-smokers = 41/84
NR Smokers (2/28)
Non-smokers (3/84)
Smokers (5/28)
Non-smokers (8/84)
PD ≥ 5 mm + BOP + radiographic signs of BL NR Declared:
history of periodontitis, different prosthetic rehabilitations.
Discussed:
history of periodontitis.

PD = probing depth; BOP = bleeding on probing; BL = bone loss; NR = not reported.