Patient and population (P) Healthy patients (> 18 years) with partially edentulous atrophic posterior mandible.
Intervention (I) Prosthetic rehabilitation of the partially edentulous atrophic posterior mandible with short implants.
Comparator or control group (C) Prosthetic rehabilitation of the partially edentulous atrophic posterior mandible with the sandwich osteotomy and delayed placement of standard length implants.
Outcomes (O) Survival of suprastructures, survival of implants, implant stability, peri-implant marginal bone level, professional and patient-reported outcome measures as well as biological and technical complications.
Study design (S) Randomized controlled trials in humans.
Focused question Are there any differences in the prosthetic rehabilitation of the partially edentulous atrophic posterior mandible with short implants compared to the sandwich osteotomy with an interpositional grafting material and delayed placement of standard length implants?