Study |
Study design |
Results |
Conclusions |
da Costa et al. [3]
|
Identification of the on-going inflammatory changes and novel biomarkers for periodontitis in a case-controlled study.
|
TNF-α levels were elevated compared to controls.
|
TNF-α levels could be of great importance to the assessment of disease progression.
|
Frodge et al. [4]
|
TNF-α levels in unstimulated whole saliva of 74 adults in a case-control clinical study.
|
Salivary levels of TNF-α were higher in individuals with periodontal disease than in controls.
|
TNF-α levels could facilitate the screening, diagnosis, and management of periodontal disease.
|
Rosa et al. [7]
|
Analysis of proteome results using the OralOme database.
|
TNF-α proposed to be promising but data are scarce.
|
Further quantitative proteomic studies are needed.
|
Noh et al. [20]
|
Quantification TNF-α levels of patients with periodontitis.
|
TNF-α expression consistently high.
|
Measurement of TNF-α may be beneficial in the identification of patients with periodontitis.
|
Kato et al. [21]
|
Determine the effect of TNF-α on invasion of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival epithelial cells. |
Invasion of P. gingivalis augmented by stimulation with TNF-α and inhibited by treatment with an antibody to TNF receptor-1. |
Involvement of TNF-α in the onset of periodontal diseases.
|
Liao et al. [22]
|
Simulate the expression of TNF-α of periodontal tissues in rat periodontitis model.
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TNF-α expression of the periodontitis group was significantly higher.
|
TNF-α expression reached higher levels than control groups.
|
Singh et al. [23]
|
Evaluate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking on salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with chronic periodontitis.
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Data revealed higher levels of TNF-α in diabetic subjects followed by smokers, and chronic periodontitis group.
|
Diabetes and smoking exacerbated salivary levels of TNF-α in chronic periodontitis cases.
|