Study Year of
publication 		Type of
study 		Groups Treatment provided N
patients 		N
implants 		Follow-up
(months) 		Diagnosis Treatment outcomes Microbiological
results 		Conclusions
Self-
performed 		Professionally-
delivered 		Mucositis/
peri-implantitis 		PDs
reduction
Mean (SD),
mm 		Radiographic
MBL
changes
Mean (SD),
mm 		BOP
changes
Mean (SD),
mm 		Exudate changes PI or MPI (SD) changes CAL
Mean (SD),
mm 		Recession
Mean (SD),
mm
Arisan et al. [20] 2015 RCT Control OHI MD 5 24 6 Peri-implantitis 4.38 (0.42)
to
4.17 (0.41) 		2.35 (0.56)
to
2.63 (0.53) 		100 to 100% NA 91.7 to 41.7% NA NA No changes in microbiota
after 1 month 		Laser does not provide any additional benefit when compared to SRP alone.
Test OHI MD + diode laser 810 nm
(energy density: 3 J/cm2;
time: 1 min;
power density: 400 mW/cm2; energy: 1.5 J;
spot diameter: 1 mm) 		5 24 4.71 (0.67)
to
4.54 (0.74) 		2.13 (0.47)
to
2.79 (0.48) 		100 to 95.8% NA 91.7 to 54.2% NA NA
Bassetti et al. [21] 2014 RCT Control Instructions
in the use of
superfloss 		MD + Airpolishing
+ 3% hydrogen peroxide irrigation
+ Arestin 		20 20 12 Peri-implantitis 4.39 (0.77)
to
3.83 (0.85) 		NA Sites:
4.41 (1.47)
to
1.55 (1.26)
(65% reduction) 		NA 0.21 (0.27)
to
0 (0) 		2.72 (0.72)
to
2.41 (0.7) 		1.68 (1.04)
to
1.41 (1.18) 		P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, C. rectus, F. nucleatum and E. corrodens demonstrated statistically significant decrease from baseline. Similar results clinically and microbiologically for both.
Complete disease resolution not routinely achieved.
Test MD + Airpolishing + PDT
(660 nm, power density 100 mW)
+ 3% hydrogen peroxide irrigation 		20 20 4.19 (0.55)
to
4.08 (0.81) 		NA Sites:
4.03 (1.66)
to
1.74 (1.37)
(57% reduction) 		NA 0.13 (0.21)
to
0.01 (0.04) 		2.66 (0.73)
to
2.58 (0.94) 		1.53 (0.91)
to
1.5 (0.86) 		No statistically significant difference with the exception for F. nucleatum.
Esposito et al. [22] 2013 RCT Control In surgery group: CHX mouthwash 0.12% for 1 min twice a day for 2 weeks.
All gourps: gentle wiping with a soft brush 		Bone loss between 3 - 5 mm:
implant surface DE bone loss > 5 mm: surgery, full-thickness flap and DE,
remove all granulation tissue 		No adjunct treatment 40 100 12 Peri-implantitis 6.45 (2.15)
to
5.5 (1.94) 		4.9 (2.07)
to
5.03 (2.51) 		Bleeding scores:
2.68 (1.25)
to
1.28 (1.11) 		NA Mean plaque scores:
2.15 (1.64)
to
0.93 (0.94) 		NA NA NA Adjunctive use of LAD therapy with mechanical debridement did not improve any clinical outcomes when compared to mechanical cleaning alone up to 1 year after treatment.
Test LAD (FotoSan 630 instrument) 40 101 6.23 (1.62)
to
5.14 (1.83) 		4.5 (1.75)
to
4.5 (1.67) 		Bleeding scores:
2.95 (1.32) to
1.35 (1.32) 		NA Mean plaque scores:
2.18 (1.53)
to
0.89 (0.94) 		NA NA NA
Hallstrom et al. [23] 2012 RCT Control OHI MD with titanium curettes
+ polishing 		21 NA 6 Mucositis 4.6 (0.9)
to
4.1 (1.2) 		NA Full mouth
BOP %:
24.2 (16.7)
to
18.4 (17.4) 		NA Mean PI at implant %:
22 (29.2)
to
17.9 (28.4) 		NA NA No significant differences in bacterial count. Statistical analysis by intent to treat failed to identify within group differences comparing baseline data with all other time points. No short-term differences between groups. The clinical improvements observed at 6 months may be attributed to improvements in oral hygiene.
No evidence for the use of systemic antibiotics in treatment of peri-implant mucositis.
Test MD with titanium curettes
+ polishing + ABX
(Azithromycin® 500 mg day 1 and
250 mg days 2 - 4). 		22 NA 4.4 (1)
to
3.5 (1.1) 		NA Full mouth
BOP %:
28.2 (20.6)
to
10.1 (6.9) 		NA Mean PI at implant %:
33.7 (35.5)
to
6.8 (13.8) 		NA NA

ABX = antibiotics treatment; BOP = bleeding on probing; CAL = clinical attachment level; CHX = chlorhexidine digluconate; DE = debridement; LAD = light-activated disinfection; LD = local delivery; MBL = marginal bone level; MD = mechanical debridement; MPI = modified plaque index; NA = not available; OHI = oral hygiene instructions; PD = probing depth; PDT = photodynamic therapy; PI = plaque index; PR = prospective study; RB = radiographic bone; RCT = randomized controlled trials; SD = standard deviation.