Parameter PICF volume (µl) P-value
Mean (SD)
Implant length
˂ 8 mm 0.36 (0.17) 0.359
≥ 8 mm 0.39 (0.21)
Implant diameter
Narrow (˂ 3.5 mm) 0.48 (0.22) 0.027a
Standard (≥ 3.5 mm and ≤ 4.5 mm) 0.36 (0.19)
Wide (˃ 4.5 mm) 0.68 (0.31)

aStatistically significant at level P < 0.05 (Chi-square test).
SD = standard deviation.