Patient and population (P) Healthy non-syndromic patients with a transverse mandibular deficiency requiring mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis.
Intervention (I) Mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis.
Comparator or control group (C) Bone-borne distraction appliance, tooth-borne distraction appliance or hybrid distraction appliance.
Outcomes (O) Transverse skeletal expansion and relapse of the mandible, transverse mandibular dental arch expansion and relapse, frequency of complications and patient-reported outcome measures.
Study design (S) Randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, case series, retrospective studies.
Focused question Are there any differences in the transverse mandibular skeletal and dental arch expansion and relapse after mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis with a bone-borne distraction appliance, a tooth-borne distraction appliance or a hybrid distraction appliance?