Parameters Category NM-10 OSF-30 OSCC + OSF-30 P-value
N (%) N (%) N (%)
Age
(years)
< 40 8 (80) 22 (73.3) 11 (36.6) 0.005b
≥ 40 2 (20) 8 (26.6) 19 (63.3)
Sex Male 8 (80) 30 (100) 27 (90) 0.72
Female 2 (20) 0 3 (10)
Habits Chewing - 28 (93.3) 26 (86.6) 0.548
Mixed - 2 (6.7) 2 (6.6)
Frequency < 5 times - 17 (56.6) 20 (66.6) 0.426
≥ 5 times - 13 (43.3) 10 (33.3)
Duration < 5 years - 14 (46.6) 11 (36.6) 0.432
≥ 5 years - 16 (53.3) 19 (63.3)
Site Buccal mucosa - - 19 (63.3) < 0.001b
Others - - 10 (33.3)
OSF staging Stage I and II - 9 (30) - 0.11
Stage III and IV - 21 (70) -
OSF grading Stage I and II - 22 (73.3) - < 0.001b
Stage III and IV - 8 (26.6) -
OSCC staging Stage I and II - - 27 (90) 0.028a
Stage III and IV - - 3 (10)
OSCC grading Well diff - - 23 (76.6) 0.003b
Moderately diff - - 7 (23.3)
DOI < 5 mm - - 9 (30) 0.741
5 to 10 mm - - 12 (40)
> 10 mm - - 9 (30)
Lymph node Positive - - 11 (36.6) 0.144
Negative - - 19 (63.3)

aStatistically significant at level P < 0.05, Pearson's Chi-square and at level P < 0.05, Fischer exact test.
bStatistically highly significant at level P < 0.05, Pearson's Chi-square and at level P < 0.05, Fischer exact test.
NM = normal mucosa; OSF = oral submucous fibrosis; OSCC = oral squamous cell carcinoma; N = number.