Definition Abbreviation
Lateral landmarks
Sella Centre of sella turcica S
Nasion Most anterior point of nasofrontal suture N
A-point Deepest point on curvature of anterior maxilla between ANS and alveolar process A
B-point Deepest point on curvature of anterior mandible between Infradentale and Pogonion B
Incision superior Midpoint of incisal edge, most prominent upper central incisor Is
Molar superior Mesiofacial cusp of upper first molar Ms
Incision inferior Midpoint of incisal edge, most prominent lower central incisor Ii
Molar inferior Mesiofacial cusp of lower first molar Mi
Menton Most inferior point of mandibular symphysis in midsagittal plane Me
Condylion Most superior point of condyle Co
Antegonion Highest point on antegonial notch Ag
Lateral reference lines
Nasion-sella line Line through N and S NSL
Nasion-A-point line Line through N and A NA
Nasion-B-point line Line through N and B NB
Occlusal plane Line bisecting cusp height of first permanent molars and bisecting incisal overbite OP
Frontal landmarks
Crista galli Crista galli of the ethmoid Cg
Lateroorbitale point, right Intersecting point between lateral orbital contour and oblique orbital line, right side LoR
Lateroorbitale point, left Intersecting point between lateral orbital contour and oblique orbital line, left side LoL
Menton Most inferior point of mandibular symphysis in midsagittal plane Me
Antegonion, right Highest point of antegonial notch, right side AgR
Antegonion, left Highest point of antegonial notch, left side AgL
Frontal reference lines
Lateroorbital line Line through LoR and LoL LoR-LoL
Facial midline Line perpendicular to LoR-LoL through Cg FM
Actual midline Line through Cg and Me AM