Study D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12
Mattine and Payne [1] Yes Yes Yes C/D No Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Doscher et al. [5] Yes C/D Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Sousa et al. [7] Yes Yes Yes C/D No Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Las et al. [15] Yes C/D Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Groth et al. [16] Yes C/D Yes C/D No Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Bouquet et al. [17] Yes Yes Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Vos et al. [18] Yes Yes Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Meleca et al. [20] Yes Yes Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Revenaugh et al. [22] Yes C/D Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Shimizu et al. [24] Yes C/D Yes C/D No Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Hansen et al. [25] Yes C/D Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Nahabedian et al. [26] Yes C/D Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D Yes No N/A
Siebert et al. [27] Yes Yes Yes C/D Yes Yes No No C/D No No N/A
Awwad et al. [28] Yes C/D Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Muresan et al. [29] Yes Yes Yes C/D Yes Yes Yes No C/D No No N/A
Saadeh et al. [30] Yes Yes Yes C/D No Yes Yes No Yes No No N/A

C/D = cannot determine; N/A = not applicable.
D1 = was the study question or objective clearly stated?
D2 = were eligibility/selection criteria for the study population prespecified and clearly described?
D3 = were the participants in the study representative of those who would be eligible for the test/service/intervention in the general or clinical population of interest?
D4 = were all eligible participants that met the prespecified entry criteria enrolled?
D5 = was the sample size sufficiently large to provide confidence in the findings?
D6 = was the test/service/intervention clearly described and delivered consistently across the study population?
D7 = were the outcome measures prespecified, clearly defined, valid, reliable, and assessed consistently across all study participants?
D8 = were the people assessing the outcomes blinded to the participants' exposures/interventions?
D9 = was the loss to follow-up after baseline 20% or less?
D10 = were key potential confounding variables measured and adjusted statistically for their impact on the outcome?
D11 = were outcome measures taken multiple times before and after the intervention?
D12 = if the intervention was conducted at a group level (e.g., a whole hospital, community, etc.), did the study take into account clustering effects?