Table 1. | PICOS guidelines |
| Patient and population (P) | Healthy patients with horizontal alveolar deficiencies of the maxillary alveolar ridge. |
| Intervention (I) | Maxillary alveolar ridge expansion with the split-crest technique. |
| Comparator or control group (C) | Lateral ridge augmentation with autogenous bone block graft. |
| Outcomes (O) | Primary outcome measures include survival of prosthesis and survival of implants.Secondary outcome measures include implant stability, peri-implant marginal bone loss, gain in maxillary alveolar ridge width, patient-reported outcome measures, biologic and technical complications. |
| Study design (S) | Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, prospective case-series and retrospective studies comparing the split-crest technique with lateral ridge augmentation with autogenous bone block graft. Moreover, human studies solely assessing the split-crest technique in the maxilla was also included as noncomparative studies. |
| Focused question | Are there any differences in implant treatment outcome after maxillary alveolar ridge expansion with the split-crest technique compared with lateral ridge augmentation with autogenous bone block graft? |
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