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Estimation of Blood Loss in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery by Measurements of Low Haemoglobin Levels in Mixtures of Blood, Saliva and Saline: a Laboratory Study J Oral Maxillofac Res 2021;12(2):e3 doi:10.5037/jomr.2021.12203 Abstract | HTML | PDF | XML |
Estimation of Blood Loss in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery by Measurements of Low Haemoglobin Levels in Mixtures of Blood, Saliva and Saline: a Laboratory Study
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
2Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
3Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Coagulation Research Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Corresponding Author:
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine
Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University
SE-20506, Malmö
Sweden
Phone: +46 406658485
Fax: +46 406658439
E-mail: krister.johansson@mau.se
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Estimating blood loss is an important factor in several surgical procedures. The accuracy of blood loss measurements in situations where blood is mixed with saliva and saline is however uncertain. The purpose of this laboratory study was to ascertain if blood loss measurements in mixtures of blood, saline, and saliva are reliable and could be applicable in a clinical setting.
Material and Methods: Venous blood and resting saliva were collected from six volunteers. Saliva, saline, and combinations thereof were mixed with blood to obtain different concentrations. A portable spectrophotometer was first used to measure the haemoglobin concentration in undiluted venous blood followed by measurements of the haemoglobin concentration after each dilution. To examine the strength of linear relationships, linear regression and Pearson correlations were used.
Results: The measurements of haemoglobin concentrations in mixtures of blood, saline, and saliva were proven to be accurate for haemoglobin measurements > 0.3 g/dl (correlation = 0.986 to 1). For haemoglobin measurements < 0.3 g/dl, a small increase in haemoglobin values were reported, which was directly associated to the saliva concentration in the solution (correlation = 0.983 to 1). This interference of saliva was significantly eliminated by diluting the samples with saline, mimicking the clinical situation.
Conclusions: The results suggest that a portable spectrophotometer can be used clinically to preoperatively measure the haemoglobin value of a venous blood sample and postoperatively measure the haemoglobin value of the collected liquids, including shed blood, thereby achieving a highly accurate method of measuring blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery.
J Oral Maxillofac Res 2021;12(2):e3
doi: 10.5037/jomr.2021.12203
Accepted for publication: 25 June 2021
Keywords: oral surgery; postoperative hemorrhage; saliva; surgical blood loss.
To cite this article: Estimation of Blood Loss in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery by Measurements of Low Haemoglobin Levels in Mixtures of Blood, Saliva and Saline: a Laboratory Study J Oral Maxillofac Res 2021;12(2):e3 URL: http://www.ejomr.org/JOMR/archives/2021/2/e3/v12n2e3ht.htm |
Received: 16 February 2021 | Accepted: 25 June 2021 | Published: 30 June 2021
Copyright: © The Author(s). Published by JOMR under CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence, 2021.