Objectives: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to establish a correlation between thyroid dysfunctions and periodontium health.

Material and Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA statement. An electronic search was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases using a combination of keywords "hypothyroidism", "hypothyroidism", "thyroid", "thyroid dysfunction" and "periodontitis". The research covered the period from January 1, 2019 and July 1, 2024, included studies written in English, conducted in humans.

Results: The results showed that hyperthyroidism can be associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis due to decreased oral microbiome diversity, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, increased periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and interleukin-6. Hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy may lead to a slightly higher risk of tooth extraction in the first two years afterward because decreasing lamina dura, increasing periodontal ligament width. And hypothyroidism negatively affects the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid and can change the composition of bone minerals.

Conclusions: Hyperthyroidism increases the risk of periodontitis by promoting deeper periodontal pockets, reducing oral microbiome diversity, altering alveolar bone structure and elevating inflammatory markers like interleukin-6, which are linked to disease progression. Hypothyroidism worsens periodontal disease by disrupting calcium-phosphorus balance and causing alveolar bone changes, especially in young individuals. Both conditions affect periodontal homeostasis, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between endocrine and periodontal health. Dentists should monitor thyroid dysfunction, as managing thyroid levels may improve periodontal treatment.

Objectives: Dental implants have emerged as a reliable and long-lasting solution for missing teeth, offering advantages over traditional prosthetic options. The aim of this systematic review was to thoroughly explore the correlation between cortical bone thickness of the jaws and bone-level dental implant primary and secondary stability.

Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), ClinicalKey and the Cochrane Library from 1 January, 2019 to 21 June, 2024. This review focused on patients undergoing dental implant placement with varying cortical bone thicknesses and implant stability levels. Quality and risk-of-bias assessment evaluated by Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results: Out of 160 screened articles, 28 were reviewed in full, and 6 met the inclusion criteria, involving 209 patients and 418 implants. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values showed no significant correlations during baseline and secondary assessments (P > 0.05). Correlations were noted between implant stability, bone density, alveolar ridge width, and implant size (P < 0.01). ISQ and insertion torque value (ITV) were strongly correlated at insertion (P < 0.001) but not at follow-ups (P = 0.059 at 2 months, P = 0.817 at 6 months, P = 0.029 at 12 months). ISQ values increased over time (P < 0.001). Implants in native bone showed higher ISQ values at baseline (P = 0.011), 8 weeks (P = 0.013), and 12 weeks (P < 0.001). Regions with thicker cortical bone demonstrated superior primary stability.

Conclusions: Thicker cortical bone enhances primary implant stability, as indicated by higher insertion torque and implant stability quotient values.

Objectives: The aim of this non-randomized experimental study is to evaluate and correlate the gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin levels with clinical and radiographic parameters in patients with intrabony defects treated with autologous platelet-rich fibrin.

Material and Methods: Thirty intrabony defects in 14 patients were treated with autologous platelet-rich fibrin with open flap debridement. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and 9 months postsurgery. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected prior to the surgery, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months postsurgery and was analysed for levels of osteocalcin using ELISA.

Results: All the clinical and radiographic parameters like plaque index (2.41 to 1.38) and gingival index (2.37 to 1.4) scores, probing pocket dept (6.43 to 3.78 mm), clinical attachment level (7.25 to 4.61 mm), relative attachment level (10.35 to 7.42 mm) and vertical depth (7.46 to 4.9), alveolar crest height (6.2 to 5.9), area of the defect (17.8 to 14.5) respectively showed improvement which was statistically significant (P < 0.001) except for the defect width (8.86 to 8.77) with P = 0.39. A moderate negative correlation was established between the GCF osteoclcin levels and the clinical and radiographic parameters at baseline and 9 months except for the % of defect fill which showed moderate positive correlation at 9 months (r = 0.55, P = 0.002).

Conclusions: The gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin can serve as a potential bone turnover biomarker in periodontal regeneration. In addition platelet-rich fibrin has made it possible to define natural bone regeneration as well as improve the clinical and radiological parameters.

Objectives: The purpose of this observational clinical study was to evaluate the relationship between brain anatomical and volumetric changes in white matter, grey matter, and cerebral cortex thickness with the number of functional occlusal pairs present in the mouth.

Material and Methods: The number of functional occlusal pairs in 70 patients was counted and non-invasive brain analysis was performed using magnetic resonance imaging. The volume of grey matter, white matter, and thickness of the cortex in different areas of the brain were determined by SPM12 and CAT12 software. Multiple regression model corrected for multiple comparisons using FDR and Spearman correlation coefficient were calculated for statistical comparison.

Results: A total of 70 (39 male, 31 female) were analysed, with an average number of occlusal pairs of 10.21 (3.99). According to the Spearman correlation coefficient, a lower number of occlusal pairs was related to a reduction in white matter (right external capsule and posterior limb of the internal capsule), a reduction in grey matter (right temporal superior and medial gyrus and left cerebellum crus 1) and a reduction in thickness of the cerebral cortex (rostral anterior cingulated cortex of the right hemisphere and areas in the right and left hemisphere, especially in the frontal cortex).

Conclusions: The number of occlusal pairs is related to the volume of white matter, grey matter, and thickness of the cerebral cortex in areas of the brain that are directly involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.

Background: Panitumumab is an anti-epithelial growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody, approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Panitumumab has been more commonly associated with skin toxicity; oral adverse events have been scarcely reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case report of panitumumab-associated aphthous-like stomatitis.

Material: A 58 years old female visited the Oral Oncology Unit complaining of severe oral pain. The patient had been diagnosed with colon cancer metastatic to the liver and was receiving panitumumab (every 14 days) concurrently with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil.

Results: Clinical examination revealed multiple aphthous-like ulcers on the ventral surface and lateral borders of the tongue, lower lip and mucolabial fold, buccal mucosa and soft palate. Dexamethasone oral solution 0.5 mg/5 ml was topically administered t.i.d. along with tramadol 50 mg per os t.i.d. for pain management. One week later, the pain was relieved and the ulcers were almost completely healed. Tramadol administration was discontinued and dexamethasone was tapered during the following 8 days. There was no need for discontinuation of panitumumab. In close follow-up for the next four months, no painful oral symptomatology was reported.

Conclusions: Anti-epithelial growth factor receptor agents are associated with oral adverse events that may cause severe pain, even necessitating discontinuation of the antineoplastic treatment. The implementation of preventive measures, early diagnosis, proper treatment and close monitoring of patients receiving anti-epithelial growth factor receptor agents are mandatory in order to preserve patients’ quality of life and their compliance to therapeutic regimen.