Study Filling material Filling method Results
Regenerated bone
morphology 		Pain
(VAS) 		Swelling
(mm)
Test Control
Harsha et al. [19] Simvastatin
(10 mg) powder along with gelfoam as carrier moistened with normal saline solution 		Gelfoam soaked with normal saline Direct application Bone density (MGV).
Test group:
1 week 68.99 (SD 13.28);
4 weeks 80.09 (SD 12.56);
8 weeks 93.27 (SD 13.06);
12 weeks 106.37 (SD 14.39)
vs. Control group:
1 weeks 58.45 (SD 11.48), P < 0.001;
4 weeks 69.73 (SD 10.48), P < 0.001;
8 weeks 81.58 (SD 11.61), P ≤ 0.001;
12 weeks 92.77 (SD 12.92), P < 0.001 		10-unit VAS.
Test group:
1 day 2.94 (SD 0.71)
vs. Control group
1 day 3.14 (SD 0.61), P = 0.134 		Test group:
1 day 10.34 (SD 0.79) horizontal,
9.55 (SD 0.76) vertical
vs. Control group
1 day 10.13 (SD 0.81) horizontal (P = 0.192),
9.49 (SD 0.77) vertical (P = 0.695)
Test group:
7 days 0.3 (SD 0.51)
vs. Control group:
7 days 0.32 (SD 0.55), P = 0.85 		Test group:
7 days 9.77 (SD 0.87) horizontal,
9.35 vertical (SD 0.78)
vs. Control group:
7 days 9.59 (SD 0.79) horizontal (P = 0.282),
9.31 (SD 0.81) vertical (P = 0.774)
Cruz et al. [20] 1.2% SIM gel and covered with PPPM Placebo gel and covered with PPPM Direct application Horizontal dimensions (mm).
Test group:
Section A (1 mm from the crest)
1.02 (M 95% CI);
Section B (3 mm from the crest)
1.01 (M 95% CI);
Section C (5 mm from the crest)
1.01 (M 95% CI)
vs. Control group:
Section A (1 mm from the crest)
1.27 (M 95% CI), P = 0.044;
Section B (3 mm from the crest)
1.26 (M 95% CI), P = 0.036;
Section C (5 mm from the crest)
1.25 (M 95% CI), P = 0.048 		10-unit VAS.
Test group:
median of 4
vs. Control group:
median of 5,
P = 0.23 		NR
Vertical dimension (mm). Test group:
0.95 (M 95% CI)
vs. Control group:
1.46 (M 95% CI), P < 0.0001
Sezavar et al. [21] Simvastatin (20 mg Sivastol® - Tehran Chemie; Tehran, Iran) powdered and combined with collagen Collagen Direct application MPI.
Test group:
vital bone 20.3 (SD 12.9)%;
non-vital bone 33.7 (SD 21.57)%;
trabecular bone 10.3 (SD 9.83)%;
amorphous bone 10 (SD 7.31)%;
non-osteoblastic 46 (SD 12.05)%
vs. Control group:
vital bone 17.2 (SD 10.019)%, P < 0.7;
non-vital bone 35 (SD 18.55)%, P < 0.8;
trabecular bone 10.1 (SD 10.59)%, P < 0.9;
Amorphous bone: 7.3 (SD 5.27)%, P < 0.3;
Nonosteoblastic: 47.8 (SD 10.71)%, P < 0.9 		NR NR
Degala et al. [22] 10 mg simvastatin tablet was
crushed and dispensed in 0.9% normal saline 2 mL 		Gelfoam soaked with normal saline Direct application Bone density (MGV).
Test group:
1 week 70.03 (SD 6.41);
4 weeks 82 (SD 6.54);
8 weeks 92.17 (SD 4.73);
12 weeks 110.45 (SD 6.7)
vs. Control group:
1 week 66.33 (SD 6.09), P = 0.001;
4 weeks 77.41 (SD 6), P = 0.001;
8 weeks 86.7 (SD 4.61), P = 0.001;
12 weeks 99.93 (SD 4.55), P = 0.001 		10-unit VAS.
Test group:
1 day - 2.93 (SD 0.69)
(SEM 0.12625);
7 days - 0.23 (SD 0.43)
(SEM 0.07854)
vs. Control group
1 day - 2.67 (SD 0.71), P < 0.05;
7 days - 0.17 (SD 0.37), P < 0.05 		Test group:
1 day 10.66 (SD 1.48) horizontal,
9.79 (SD 1.24) vertical;
7 days 9.66 (SD 1.33) horizontal,
8.82 (SD 1.22) vertical
vs. Control group
1 day 9.94 (SD 1.37) horizontal (P = 0.001),
9.76 (SD 1.21) vertical (P = 0.541);
7 days 9.47 (SD 1.26) horizontal (P = 0.018),
9.01 (SD 1.223) vertical (P = 0.012)
Chauhan et al. [23] 10 mg tablet crushed and mixed with normal saline Gelatin sponge Direct application Bone density (MGV).
Test group:
1 day 66.7 (min 47.1; max 80.8);
1 month 80.9 (min 68; max 91.5);
3 months 125.5 (min 102.6; max 152)
vs. Control group:
1 day 78 (min 44.3; max 78.773.43), P = 0.036;
1 month 71.3 (min 61.3; max 91.5), P = 0.047;
3 months 102.6 (min 85.3; max 111.1), P = 0.000 		5-unit VAS. Test group:
day 1 - 2;
day 2 - 1.4;
day 3 - 0.7;
day 4 - 0.2;
day 5 - 0;
day 6 - 0;
day 7 - 0
vs. Control group:
day 1 - 1.9;
day 2 - 1.4;
day 3 - 0.9;
day 4 - 0.3
day 5 - 0.1;
day 6 - 0.1;
day 7 - 0.1
(P < 0.05) 		MP. Test group:
day 2 - 3.5;
day 3 - 5.9;
day 7 - 0.9
vs. Control group:
day 2 - 3.2;
day 3 - 5.7;
day 7: 0
(P < 0.05)
Saifi et al. [24] Simvastatin (10 mg) powder along with gelfoam as carrier moistened with
2 ml normal saline solution 		NR Direct application Bone density (MGV).
Test group:
1 day 65.26 (SD 2.67);
8 weeks 79.09 (SD 3.66);
16 weeks 91.65 (SD 3.55)
vs. Control group:
1 day 66.15 (SD 2.54.67), P = 0.094;
8 weeks 73.81 (SD 3.38), P < 0.00001;
16 weeks 82.33 (SD 4.01), P < 0.00001 		NR NR

BMP-2 = bone morphogenetic protein-2; PPPM = platelet-poor plasma membrane; VAS = Visual Analog Scale; MGV = mean gray value; MP = mean values for percentage; MPI = mean percent increase; IAE = immediately after extraction.