Population (P) Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with conical abutment platform-switched implants
Intervention (I) One-abutment-one-time protocol, where the definitive abutment is connected at implant placement and not subsequently removed
Comparison (C) Repeated abutment disconnections, in which healing or provisional abutments are removed and reconnected one or more times during the prosthetic phase
Outcomes (O) Primary outcomes: marginal bone loss.
Secondary outcomes: probing depth, survival rate, biological complications, and prosthetic complications.
Focus question In adult patients with conical abutment platform-switched implants, does the one-abutment-one-time protocol, compared with repeated abutment disconnections, result in reduced marginal bone loss (primary outcome), and more favourable probing depth, implant survival, and biological and prosthetic complication rates (secondary outcomes)?