Study Flap
technique
Granulation
tissue
Bone graft Loading time Preoperative
antibiotic prophylaxis
Preoperative
chlorhexidine rinse
Postoperative
antibiotic prophylaxis
Postoperative
chlorhexidine rinse
Montoya-Salazar et al. [18] Flap Removed Xenograft Delayed Yes No Yes Yes
Jung et al. [19] Flap Removed Xenograft Delayed No No Yes Yes
Crespi et al. [20] Flapless Removed None Immediate Yes No Yes Yes
Crespi et al. [21] Flapless Removed None Delayed Yes No Yes Yes
Hita-Iglesias et al. [22] Flapless Removed None Delayed Yes No Yes No
Blus et al. [23] Flapless Removed Xenograft Immediate, early and delayed Yes No No No
Bell et al. [24] Flapless Removed Autograft and/or xenograft
together with platelet rich plasma
Delayed Yes Yes No No
Fugazzotto [25] Flapless Removed Autograft or allograft or xenograft Delayed No No Yes No
Zuffetti et al. [26] Flapless or flap Removed Xenograft Immediate, early and delayed Yes No Yes Yes