Objectives: Recently surface modification techniques have been introduced to dental implants to improve osseointegration, bone formation at the implant surface, and to reduce the occurrence of mucositis and peri-implantitis. The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate the dependence of the risk of inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant on different implant alloys and surface coating materials.
Material and Methods: The search for the systematic review of the scientific literature was performed between November 28, 2023, and February 5, 2024. Articles were retrieved using the PRISMA screening system from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (ScienceDirect), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (the Cochrane Library), Springer Link, and Google Scholar databases. The literature review included publications in English, randomized controlled clinical trials assessing bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and marginal bone level around the implant.
Results: A total of 41 full-text articles were selected after removing duplicates, of which 5 were included in this systematic literature review. The data from the studies were structured and presented in summary tables. Statistically significant differences in marginal bone level loss were observed using fluoride and sandblasting with large grit and acid-etching methods for implant surface modification. However, the effects of other surface coating materials and different implant alloys on bone loss, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth were not found to be significant.
Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this literature review, it can be concluded that implant alloys and surface coating materials are potential risk factors for the development of inflammation in the tissues surrounding the implant.
Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic utility of direct and indirect immunofluorescence of oral lesions in comparison with conventional diagnostic aids.
Material and Methods: The diagnostic utility of immunofluorescence in various oral lesions was evaluated. Relevant data from 37 studies, including study characteristics, patient population, test details, and outcomes, were systematically extracted. The search was performed analysing studies across multiple electronic databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar, published from January 15, 2024 until May 15, 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool.
Results: Most studies demonstrated a low risk of bias in most domains, indicating overall methodological rigor. Comparative analysis showed that direct immunofluorescence (DIF) consistently outperformed indirect immunofluorescence. DIF exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for pemphigus vulgaris (87.8% and 100%), mucous membrane pemphigoid (92% and 98%), and desquamative gingivitis oral ulcers overlapping with oral lichen planus (OLP) (81% and 98.9%). For OLP, DIF showed moderate sensitivity (64.3%) and high specificity (88%).
Conclusions: This review highlights the superior diagnostic utility of direct immunofluorescence over indirect immunofluorescence in evaluating oral lesions. Direct immunofluorescence's higher performance makes it the preferred technique for conditions requiring direct visualization of tissue-bound immune deposits. The combined use of direct immunofluorescence and indirect immunofluorescence can enhance the evaluation and management of various oral pathologies.
Fibrosis in Oral Carcinoma and Leukoplakia: an Immunohistochemical Study
Renata Escapini Fanchiotti, Eline Manhães Reid Silva, Brenda Lamônica Rodrigues de Azevedo, Willian Grassi Bautz, Liliana Aparecida Pimenta de Barros, Letícia Nogueira da Gama de Souza
Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinicopathologic profile and collagen type I expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma to elucidate stromal alterations in malignant transformation.
Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 40 cases, of which 20 oral leukoplakia (OL) were classified according to World Health Organization and binary systems for grading oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) as well as 20 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), moderately or poorly differentiated. Type I collagen was analysed by immunohistochemistry, Fisher's exact test and chi-square test evaluated the clinical data. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied to analyse type I collagen expression between groups. Associations between data were analysed by two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparison test.
Results: Men were most affected with OSCC (90%) and 60% of OL were in women (P = 0.0022). Type I collagen expression was higher in mild (P = 0.04) and moderate (P = 0.03) OED than moderately differentiated OSCC. Severe OED had a lower expression when compared with moderate OED (P = 0.01) and well differentiated OSCC (P = 0.02). The binary system showed that low-risk had more collagen expression than high-risk (P = 0.03) and severe OED (P = 0.03).
Conclusions: The binary system allows more effective correlations to be established between stromal changes and oral epithelial dysplasia. The higher expression of collagen in the benign lesions may represent changes in the microenvironment that will favour the process of epithelial transformation and the establishment of a more aggressive disease.
Is Surgical Removal of Asymptomatic Third Molars in the Horizontal III-C Position Advisable? A Pilot Study of Tomographic Evaluation
João Paulo da Silva Guilherme, Marcelo Santos Bahia, Yuri de Lima Medeiros, Marcella Yumi Kadooka, Marcelo Tarcísio Martins, Isabel Cristina Gonçalves Leite, Marcos Vinicius Queiroz de Paula
Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the distance between the buccal and lingual cortical bones and its relation with the mandibular canal roof of third molars classified as III-C position according to Winter, Pell and Gregory classifications in cone-beam computed tomography.
Material and Methods: A total of 140 lower third molars were classified according to Winter, Pell and Gregory. The distance between the buccal external cortex and the lingual external cortex was measured at 25%, 50% and 75% of the distance to the roof of the mandibular canal in parasagittal sections of teeth classified in horizontal III-C position. The presence or absence of lesions associated with the elements in this position was observed. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the intra-examiner agreement was calculated using the Bland-Altman and t-test methods (0.88 and 0.91, respectively). The significance level used was 5% (P ≤ 0.05).
Results: Seventy patients (29.4 [SD 8.8] years, 54% women and 46% men) were included. Fourteen (10%) third molars were classified in horizontal III-C position. The average measurements taken were 1.78, 1.1 and 1.53 mm for the distances between the buccal external cortex and lingual external cortex, at 25%, 50% and 75% of the distance to the roof of the mandibular canal, respectively. No pathological conditions associated with the included elements were observed.
Conclusions: Analysis of cone-beam computed tomography parasagittal sections of third molars classified in horizontal III-C position, revealed proximity of impacted teeth to the mandibular canal roof, mainly in the midline between the buccal and lingual external cortices.
Objectives: The aim of this case-control study was to examine upper airway by acoustic reflection in class II children with large horizontal maxillary overjet compared to children with neutral occlusion.
Material and Methods: The study group included children of 9 to 14 years with class II and large horizontal maxillary overjet (≥ 6 mm) with indication for growth adaptive treatment of the mandible compared to children with neutral occlusion (controls). Acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry were performed in natural head position. Differences between groups were tested by chi-square test, general linear model (adjusted for age, gender and body mass index [BMI]), and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The study and control group consisted of 37 (male 19, female 18) and 32 (male 16, female 16) participants, respectively. No significant differences in age, gender, and BMI were found between the groups. For the acoustic rhinometry measurements significantly increased resistance (P = 0.04), reduced volume (P = 0.03) and distance to minimal cross-section area (MCA) (P = 0.035) were found in the study group, but only for the right nostril. However, significantly reduced MCA for both nostrils was found in the study group compared to controls (P = 0.025 to 0.04). No significant differences in acoustic pharyngometry measurements were found.
Conclusions: Nasal airway dimensions were significantly reduced and nasal resistance was significantly increased in the study group compared to controls. Thus, class II and large overjet with indication for growth adaptive treatment may be a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing in children. The results may prove valuable in non-invasive risk assessment of narrow upper airway in children with class II and large overjet.
